Notes
1. High Beam Business, “Books: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing.” http://business,highbeam.com/industry-reports/wood/books-publishing-publishing-printing (accessed March 26, 2010).
2. James A. Clifton, “Personal and Ethnic Identity on the Great Lakes Frontier: The Case of Billy Caldwell Anglo-Canadian,” Ethnohistory 25, no.1 (Winter 1978): 69-94.
3. Clifton, “Personal and Ethnic Identity on the Great Lakes Frontier,” 69-94.
4. Lyman Copeland Draper, Draper Mss., Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, WI.
5. James A. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” Chicago History 6, no. 4 (Winter 1977-1978): 218-228.
6. Draper, Draper Mss.
7. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228.
8. Ibid.
9. George Macdonald, “A Chronological Life of Colonel William Caldwell,” The Amherstburg Echo, September 4, 1936.
10. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228. 11. Draper, Draper Mss. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid.
14. Ibid. 15. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228. 16. Draper, Draper Mss. 17. “Billy Caldwell,” Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online,http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=3285 (accessed March 20, 2009). 18. Draper, Draper Mss.
19. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228.
20. Draper, Draper Mss.
21. Ibid.
22. “Billy Caldwell,” Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=3285
23. Alfred T. Andreas, History of Cook County Illinois: from the Earliest Period to the Present Time (A. T. Andreas, 1884), 108-109.
24. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228.
25. Andreas, History of Cook County Illinois, 108-109.
26. “Sidelights on the History of Billy Caldwell,” The Arrow Messenger, March 1938.
27. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228.
28. Draper, Draper Mss.
29. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228.
30. Mrs. John H. Kinzie, Wau-Bun The Early Day in the North-West (Cincinnati: Derby & Jackson, 1856), 207-247.
31. Ibid.
32. Google Earth, http://google.com/intl/en/thanks.html#os=win#chrome=yes# usagestats=yes#updater=yes (accessed April 21, 2010).
33. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228.
34. Carl A. Dilg, “Blue Island and Chicago History” (1903), Charles Dilg Collection, Chicago History Museum, Chicago, IL.
35. Dilg, “Blue Island and Chicago History.” Charles Dilg Collection.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Draper, Draper Mss.
41. Spreeman, Descendant of Alexander Robinson, interview, April 27, 2010.
42. Milo Milton Quaife, PH.D., Chicago and the Old Northwest 1673-1835 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1913), 398.
43. Draper, Draper Mss.
44. Clifton, “Merchant, Soldier, Broker, Chief: A Corrected Obituary of Billy Caldwell,” 185-210.
45. Draper, Draper Mss. 46. Ibid. 47. Ibid. 48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. “Billy Caldwell,” Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=3285
51. Clifton, “Personal and Ethnic Identity on the Great Lakes Frontier,” 69-94.
52. Ibid.
53. Major General Herman Porter to Billy Caldwell, March 1, 1815, William C. Caldwell fonds, Library and Archives Canada, Ontario, Canada.
54. Claus to Caldwell, August 25, 1815, William C. Caldwell fonds, Library and Archives
Canada, Ontario, Canada.
55. “William Caldwell,” United Empire Loyalists’ Association of Canada, http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Info/detail.php?letter=c&line=26
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. “Billy Caldwell,” Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=3285
59. Clifton, “Personal and Ethnic Identity on the Great Lakes Frontier,” 69-94.
60. Caldwell to Claus, 1816, William C. Caldwell fonds, Library and Archives Canada, Ontario, Canada.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid.
63. “Billy Caldwell,” Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=3285
64. William Caldwell, Last Will and Testament, March 9, 1822, William Caldwell Essex County, Archives of Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
65. Google Earth, http://google.com/intl/en/thanks.html#os=win#chrome=yes# usagestats=yes#updater=yes (accessed April 21, 2010).
66. “William Caldwell,” United Empire Loyalists’ Association of Canada, http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Info/detail.php?letter=c&line=26
67. Draper, Draper Mss. 68. “Sidelights on the History of Billy Caldwell,” The Arrow Messenger, March 1938. 69. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228.
70. “Treaty with the United Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians,” July 29, 1829, Ratified Treaty, no. 155.
71. Ibid.
72. Ibid.
73. Ibid.
74. Ibid.
75. Ibid.
76. Ibid.
77. Elijah M. Haines, The American Indian (UH-NISH-IN-NA-BA) (Chicago: The MAS- SIN-NA-GAN Company, 1888), 554-557.
78. Ibid.
79. Ibid.
80. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228.
81. Andreas, History of Cook County Illinois, 108-109.
82. Kinzie, Wau-Bun The Early Day in the North-West, 207-247.
83. Billy Caldwell to Thomas Forsyth, April 8, 1832, Illinois Historical Society, 16.
84. Ibid.
85. Andreas, History of Cook County Illinois, 108-109.
86. John Boyd to Wm. L. May, January 24, 1836, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
87. “Arthur Bronson.” Early Chicago Home. http://www.earlychicago.com/encyclopedia. php?letter=B (accessed March 1, 2010).
88. Examination of Conveyances by Billy Caldwell, October 26, 1874, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
89. Ibid.
90. John Boyd to Wm. L. May, January 24, 1836, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers. 91. United States Department of the Interior, Land Patent to Billy Caldwell from
President Martin Van Buren, (city of Washington, June 4, 1839).
92. John Boyd to Wm. L. May, January 24, 1836, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers.
93. Arthur Bronson to John Spencer, January 31, 1833, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
94. United States Department of the Interior, Land Patent to Billy Caldwell from President Martin Van Buren, (city of Washington, June 4, 1839).
95. Ibid. 96. “Treaty with the Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians,” September 26, 1833,
Ratified Treaty, no. 189. 97. Ibid.
98. Clifton, “Billy Caldwell’s Exile in Early Chicago,” 218-228. 99. “Treaty with the Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians,” September 26, 1833,
Ratified Treaty, no. 189. 100. Ibid. 101. Ibid. 102. Ibid. 103. Ibid. 104. Ibid. 105. Ibid. 106. Ibid.
107. Frank R. Grover, “Final Treaty of Chicago with the Pottawatomies, Chippewas, and Ottawas Concluded September 26, 1833,” Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society (1915): 102-109.
108. Draper, Draper Mss.
109. “Landmarks,” Chicago Press and Tribune, July 9, 1860.
110. Billy Caldwell to Francis Caldwell, March 17, 1834, Chicago History Museum Collection, Chicago History Museum, Chicago, IL.
111. Ibid.
112. “Marriage Announcement of Billy Caldwell,” Chicago Democrat, 1834.
113. Forest Glen Community Club, “The History of Forest Glen,” Forest Glenn Community Club, http://forestglenchicago.org/history.html (accessed November 14, 2007).
114. Rufus Blanchard, Discovery and Conquest of the Northwest (Chicago: Cushing, Thomas, and Company Publishers, 1880) 416.
115. Charles H. Babbitt, Early Days at Council Bluffs (Washington D. C.: Press of Byron S. Adams, 1916) 16, 57, 67.
116. “Joseph Robidoux,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Robidoux (accessed August 2009).
117. Clifton, “Merchant, Soldier, Broker, Chief: A Corrected Obituary of Billy Caldwell,” 185-210.
118. “Sauganash,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauganash (accessed March 20, 2009).
119. Jerry E. Clark, “Jesuit Impact on Potawatomi Acculturation: A Comparison of Two Villages in the Mid-Plaines,” Ethnohistory 26, no. 4 (Fall 1979): 377-395.
120. Clifton, “Merchant, Soldier, Broker, Chief: A Corrected Obituary of Billy Caldwell,” 185-210.
121. Babbitt, Early Days at Council Bluffs, 16, 57, 67. 122. U. S. Department of Indian Affairs, Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, 27th Cong., 2d sess., 1841. 123. Richard S. Elliott to D.D. Mitchell, June 5, 1843, Kansas Historical Society, Topeka,
KS.
247.
124. “Obituary of Billy Caldwell,” Chicago Daily American, 1841. 125. Richard S. Elliott to D.D. Mitchell, June 5, 1843, Kansas Historical Society. 126. Annals of Iowa, (Iowa: Iowa State Department of History and Archives, July 1943),
127. Rebecca Shank, Regent, email message to author, May 15, 2009.
128. History of St. Joseph County Michigan, (Philadelphia: Everts & Co., 1877) 12, 13.
129. Department of Indian Affairs, Annual Report of the Commissioner, 1841.
130. Ibid.
131. P. D. Clark to Francis Caldwell, September 15, 1845, William C. Caldwell fonds, Library and Archives Canada, Ontario, Canada.
132. “Treaty with the Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians,” June 5 and 17, 1846, Ratified Treaty, no. 247.
133. Thomas Caldwell to R. M. Clelland, June 16, 1855, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
134. Mary Ann Caldwell. October 10, 1868, William C. Caldwell fonds, Library and Archives Canada, Ontario, Canada.
135. Benjamin F. Freeland v. Robb Robinson, S65292, (Sup. 1876).
136. Cook County Illinois Recorder of Deeds, Deed from Peymo (alias) Caldwell to Benjamin F. Freeland, Document # 106253, Tract Book 225 B, March 28, 1873 - October 9, 1876.
137. “Treaty with Kickapoo,” June 28, 1862, Ratified Treaty, no. 321. 138. Cook County Illinois Recorder of Deeds, Deed from Peymo (alias) Caldwell to
Benjamin F. Freeland, March 28, 1873 - October 9, 1876.
139. Samuel V. Niles, April 7, 1872, Power of Attorney for Pawymo Colwell, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
140. Ibid.
141. Samuel V. Niles to Francis A. Walker, April 3, 1872, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
142. Samuel V. Niles to Francis A. Walker, November 8, 1872, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
143. Cook County Illinois Recorder of Deeds, Deed from Peymo (alias) Caldwell to Benjamin F. Freeland, March 28, 1873 - October 9, 1876.
144. Francis A. Walker to Samuel V. Niles, November 15, 1872, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
145. Samuel V. Niles to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, April 11, 1873, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
146. Department of Indian Affairs to Samuel V. Niles, May 16, 1873, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
147. Samuel V. Niles to Edward Smith, July 2, 1875, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
148. Indian Department to Samuel V. Niles, March 4, 1875, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
IL).
149. Benjamin F. Freeland v. Robb Robinson, S65292, (Sup. 1876). 150. Cook County Recorder of Deeds, Caldwell Reserve, Tract Book 225 B (Chicago,
151. Benjamin F. Freeland v. Robb Robinson, S65292, (Sup. 1876).
152. Ibid.
153. Maxwell & Chase Attorneys to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, December 5, 1893, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
154. H. C. Linn to D. M. Browney, February 7, 1895, Billy Caldwell Reserve 422A Papers, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD.
155. United States National Archives Archivist, email message to author, July 21, 2009. 156. The Forest Preserves of Cook County (Clohesey & Co., 1918), 103-107.
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